080 Sanitation, Ventilation, and Illumination
080.01 Scope
080.02 Definitions Applicable to this Section
080.03 General Requirements
080.04 Sanitation
080.05 Potable Water Supply
080.06 Non-potable Water
080.07 Toilet Facilities
080.08 Construction of Toilet Rooms
080.09 Non-water Carriage Toilet Facilities and Disposal Systems
080.10 Privy Specifications
080.11 Chemical Toilet Specifications
080.12 Recirculation Toilet Specifications
080.13 Combustion Toilet Specifications
080.14 Portable Toilet Specifications
080.15 Seepage Pit Construction Specifications
080.16 Washing Facilities
080.17 Showers
080.18 Bathtubs
080.19 Change Rooms
080.20 Consumption of Food and Beverages on the Premises
080.21 Waste Disposal
080.22 Vermin Control
080.23 Ventilation
080.24 Lighting and Illumination

080. SANITATION, VENTILATION AND ILLUMINATION. (7-1-97)

01. Scope: (7-1-97)

a. This section includes and applies to all places of employment. Measures for the control of toxic materials are considered to be outside the scope of this section. Nothing in this standard shall be construed to prohibit better or otherwise safer conditions than specified herein. (7-1-97)

02. Definitions: For definitions of other terms used in this section, see sub-section 010 of this standard. (7-1-97)

a. Lavatory is a basin or a similar vessel used exclusively for washing of the hands, arms, face and head. (7-1-97)

b. Near-by means that the facility is within two to three minutes by available transportation and that prior arrangements have been made for the use of these facilities. (7-1-97)

c. Non-water carriage toilet facility is a toilet facility not connected to a sewer. (7-1-97)

d. Number of employees, unless otherwise specified, is the maximum number of employees present at any one time on a regular shift. (7-1-97)

e. Personal service room is a room used for activities not directly connected with the production or service function performed by the establishment. Such activities include but are not limited to, first aid, medical services, dressing, showering, toilet use, washing, and eating. (7-1-97)

f. Potable water is water which meets the quality standards prescribed in the U. S. Public Health Service Drinking Standards, published in 42 CFR Part 72 or water which is approved for drinking purposes by the State or local authority having jurisdiction. (7-1-97)

g. Toilet facility is a fixture maintained within a toilet room for the purpose of defecation or urination, or both. (7-1-97)

h. Toilet room is a room maintained within or on the premises of any place of employment containing toilet facilities for use by employees or the public. (7-1-97)

i. Toxic material is a material in concentration or amount which exceeds the applicable limit established by a standard, or, in the absence of an applicable standard, which is of such toxicity so as to constitute a recognized hazard that is causing or is likely to cause death or serious physical harm. (7-1-97)

j. Urinal is a toilet facility maintained within a toilet room for the sole purpose of urination. (7-1-97)

k. Water closet is a toilet maintained within a toilet room or stall for the purpose of both defecation and urination and which is flushed with water. (7-1-97)

l. Wet process is any process or operation in a workroom which normally results in surfaces upon which employees may walk or stand becoming wet. (7-1-97)

03. General Requirements: (Reserved) (7-1-97)

04. Sanitation: (7-1-97)

a. Rules and regulations of the Department of Health and Welfare, the Department of Environmental Quality, and the appropriate heath District, governing sanitation of places of work shall be complied with by every employer and shall be enforced as provided for by statute law. (7-1-00)

05. Potable Water Supply: (7-1-97)

a. An adequate and convenient water supply, approved by the appropriate health authority, shall be provided for drinking, cooking, bathing, and laundry purposes. (7-1-97)

b. A water supply shall be deemed adequate if it is capable of delivering thirty-five (35) gallons per day at a peak rate of two and one-half (2-1/2) times the average hourly demand. (7-1-97)

c. The distribution lines shall be capable of supplying water at normal operating pressures to all fixtures for simultaneous operation. (7-1-97)

d. Potable water systems shall be equipped or constructed to prevent back-flow or back siphonage of non-potable water into the potable water system.  Sink faucets, hose bibs, etc. that are capable of having a hose attached shall have a back flow preventer installed. (7-1-00)

e. Potable water shall be provided in all places of employment for drinking, washing of the person, cooking, washing of foods, washing of cooking or eating utensils, washing of food preparation, processing premises, and personal service rooms. (7-1-97)

f. Drinking fountain surfaces which become wet during fountain operation shall be constructed of materials impervious to water and not subject to oxidation. The nozzle of the fountain shall be at an angle and so located to prevent the return of water in the jet or bowl to the nozzle orifice. A guard shall be provided over the nozzle to prevent contact with the nozzle by the mouth or nose of persons using the drinking fountain. The drain from the bowl of the fountain shall not have a direct physical connection with a waste pipe, unless it is trapped.  There shall be no standing water in the fountain bowl. (7-1-00)

g. Potable drinking water dispensers shall be designed, constructed, and serviced so that sanitary conditions are maintained, shall be capable of being closed, and shall be equipped with a tap and disposable cups. (7-1-97)

h. Ice in contact with drinking water shall be made of potable water and maintained in a sanitary condition. (7-1-97)

i. Open containers such as barrels, pails, or tanks for drinking water from which the water must be dipped or poured, whether or not they are fitted with a cover, are prohibited. (7-1-97)

j. A common drinking cup and other common utensils are prohibited. (7-1-97)

k. Where single service cups (to be used but once) are supplied, both, a sanitary container for the unused cups and a receptacle for disposing of the used cups shall be provided. (7-1-97)

l. Drinking water shall be made available within two-hundred (200) feet of any location at which employees are engaged in work. (7-1-97)

06. Non-potable Water: (7-1-97)

a. Outlets for non-potable water, such as water for industrial or fire fighting purposes shall be posted with a standard Bio Hazard Sign stating "NONPOTABLE WATER" in a manner that will indicate clearly that the water is unsafe and is not to be used for drinking, washing of the person, cooking, washing of food, washing of cooking or eating utensils, washing of food preparation, processing premises, personal service rooms, or for washing clothes. (7-1-97)

b. Construction of non-potable water systems carrying any other non-potable substance shall be such as to prevent back-flow or back siphonage into a potable water system. (7-1-97)

c. Non-potable water shall not be used for washing any portion of the person, cooking or eating utensils, or clothing. Non-potable water may be used for cleaning work premises, other than food processing and preparation, and personal service rooms, provided, that this non-potable water does not contain concentrations of chemicals, fecal coliform, or other substances which could create unsanitary conditions or be harmful to employees. (7-1-97)

07. Toilet Facilities: (7-1-97)

a. Except as otherwise indicated in this section, toilet facilities, in toilet rooms separate for each sex, shall be provided in all places of employment in accordance with Table 080.06-A. The number of facilities to be provided for each sex shall be based on the number of employees of that sex for whom the facilities are furnished. Where toilet rooms will be occupied by no more than one person at a time and can be locked from the inside, separate toilet rooms for each sex need not be provided. Where such single-occupancy rooms have more than one toilet facility only one such facility in each toilet room shall be counted for the purpose to Table 080.07-A. (7-1-97)

b. Where toilet facilities will not be used by women, urinals may be provided instead of water closets in such cases shall not be reduced to less than two-thirds (2/3) of the minimum specified. (7-1-97)

TABLE 080.07-A
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES	MINIMUM NUMBER OF WATER CLOSETS
1 to 15	1
16 to 35	2
36 to 55	3
56 to 80	4
81 to 110	5
111 to 150	6
Over 150	One additional fixture for each 40 additional employees

(7-1-97)

c. The requirements of sub-section 080.07.a of this section and Table 080.07-A of this standard do not apply to mobile crews or to normally unattended work locations so long as employees working at these locations have transportation immediately available to nearby toilet facilities which meet the other requirements of this section. (7-1-97)

d. Mobile crews and normally unattended work locations shall utilize privies, chemical toilets, recirculating toilets, combustion toilets, or portable toilets when toilet facilities are not available and where not otherwise prohibited and meeting the requirements of this code. (7-1-97)

e. The sewage disposal method shall not endanger the health of employees or the public. (7-1-97)

f. When persons other than employees are permitted the use of toilet facilities on the premise, the number of such facilities shall be appropriately increased in accordance with Table 080.07-A of this section in determining the minimum number of toilet facilities required. (7-1-97)

g. Toilet paper with holder shall be provided for every water closet, privy, chemical toilet, recirculating toilet, combustion toilet, or portable toilet. (7-1-97)

h. Covered receptacles shall be kept in all toilet rooms used by women. (7-1-97)

i. For each three required toilet facilities at least one lavatory shall be located either in the toilet room or adjacent thereto. Where only one or two toilet facilities are provided at least one lavatory so located shall be provided. (7-1-97)

08. Construction of Toilet Rooms: (7-1-97)

a. Each water closet shall occupy a separate compartment with a door and walls or partitions between fixtures sufficiently high to assure privacy. (7-1-97)

b. The floors, walls, ceilings, partitions, and doors of all toilet rooms shall be of a finish that can be easily cleaned. In installations made on or after August 31, 1980, cove bases shall be provided to facilitate cleaning. (7-1-97)

c. Every water carriage toilet facility shall be set entirely free and open from all enclosing structures and shall be so installed that the space around the facility can be easily cleaned. This provision does not prohibit the use of wall-hung-type water closets or urinals. (7-1-97)

d. Every water closet shall have a hinged seat made of substantial material having a nonabsorbent finish. (7-1-97)

e. When provided, water closets not in stalls for the physically challenged shall comply with Figure 080.08-A. The clear floor space may be arranged to allow either a left-handed or right-handed approach. (7-1-97)

FIGURE 080.08-A

f. When provided, water closets in stalls for the physically challenged shall comply with Figure 080.08-B. Toilet stalls with a minimum depth of fifty-six (56) inches shall have wall mounted water closets. If the depth of a standard toilet stall is increased at least three (3) inches, then a floor mounted water closet may be used. Arrangements shown for standard stalls for the physically challenged may be reversed to allow either a left-handed or right-handed approach. See Figure 080.08-C EXCEPTION: In instances of existing facilities or alteration work where the arrangement of a standard stall for the physically challenged is technically infeasible or where code requirements prevent combining existing stalls to provide space, either alternate stall may be provided in lieu of the standard stall for the physically challenged. (7-1-97)

FIGURE 080.08-B

FIGURE 080.08-C

080.08

FIGURE 080.08-D

g. When provided, water closets in stalls for the physically challenged shall have grab bars that comply with Figure 080.08-F. Toilet stall grab bars shall have a gripping surface of one and one-forth (1 1/4) to one and one-half (1 1/2) inches in diameter. Grab bars shall be one and one-half (1 1/2) inches from the wall. The structural strength of a grab bar and fastenings shall withstand a maximum bending moment of two-hundred-fifty (250) foot pounds, a shear stress two-hundred-fifty (250) foot pounds and with stand a shear force of two-hundred-fifty (250) foot pounds. Grab bars shall not rotate within their fittings. A brab bar and any wall or other surface adjacent to it shall be free of any sharp or abrasive elements. (7-1-97)

FIGURE 080.08-F

09. Non-water Carriage Toilet Facilities and Disposal Systems: (7-1-97)

a. Waste disposal systems described in sub-sections 080.10 through 080.15 of this section below may be used only where not prohibited by codes and regulations of local authorities, and where water closets are not feasible due either to the lack of an adequate water supply or to the location or temporary nature of the operation requiring the non-water carriage toilet facility. (7-1-97)

b. The number of non-water carriage toilet facilities required shall be as specified in Table 080.09-A (7-1-97)

TABLE 080.09-A
Number of Employees	Minimum Number of Facilities
20 OR LESS	1
20 OR MORE	1 TOILET SEAT & 1 URINAL*
200 OR MORE	1 TOILET SEAT & 1 URINAL**
* per every 40 employees
** per every 50 employees

(7-1-97)

c. When provided, non-water carriage toilet facilities that are to be used by the physically challenged shall meet the minimum requirements of sub-sections 080.08.e., f., and g of this standard. (7-1-97)

10. Privy Specifications: (7-1-97)

a. Privies constructed in conformity with this section may be used for the disposal of human excreta where their use will not contaminate ground or surface water because of privy location, type of soil, or ground water table. (7-1-97)

b. A privy pit shall be separated by a minimum distance of one-hundred (100) feet between the privy and a well, spring, or other source of water supply for drinking, bathing, laundry, or culinary purposes. (7-1-97)

c. At no time shall the pit bottom of a privy extended into ground water nor shall it be constructed within one-hundred (100) feet of the shoreline of any open body of water or stream. Phreatic water such, as may be found in surface soil at depths of ten (10) feet or less, shall not be interpreted as ground water unless there is evidence of a positive directional flow. (7-1-97)

d. The privy shall be so located and constructed that no surface water may enter the pit either as run-off or as flood water. (7-1-97)

e. The pit shall be constructed of such material and in such a manner as to prevent rapid deterioration, provided adequate capacity, and facilitate maintenance in a satisfactory manner under ordinary conditions of usage. (7-1-97)

f. The pit and seat area shall be vented by a flue or vent pipe having not less than seven (7) square inches cross sectional area extending twelve (12) inches above the roof, so as to provide a continuous escape of odors. (7-1-97)

g. The pit shall provide a capacity of fifty (50) cubic feet for each seat installed in the privy building. The vault within sixteen (16) inches of the surface grade shall not be counted as part of the fifty (50) cubic foot capacity. (7-1-97)

h. Pit cribbing shall fit firmly and be in uniform contact with the earth walls on all sides, and shall rise at least six (6) inches above the original ground line and descend to the full depth of the pit. However, pit cribbing below the soil line may be omitted in rock formations. (7-1-97)

i. An earth plateau shall be constructed level with the top of the pit cribbing, and extending horizontally for a distance of at least eighteen (18) inches before sloping to the original ground level. (7-1-97)

j. The privy building shall be firmly anchored, rigidly constructed, and free from hostile surface features, such as exposed nails, sharp edges, rough or broken boards, etc., and shall provide privacy and protection from the elements. (7-1-97)

k. The building shall be ventilated by leaving a four (4) inch opening at the top of all walls just beneath the roof. (7-1-97)

l. The building shall be of fly-tight construction, doors shall be self closing, and vent and building openings shall be screened with sixteen (16) mesh screen of durable material. (7-1-97)

m. The seat shall be so constructed as to provided a minimum clear space of 24-inches between each seat in multiple unit installations, and shall provide twelve (12) inches clear space from the seat opening to the side wall in single and multiple unites. (7-1-97)

n. The seat riser shall have an inside clearance of not less than twenty-one (21) inches from the front wall and not less than twenty-four (24) inches from the rear wall of the privy building. (7-1-97)

o. The seat top shall be not less than twelve (12) inches nor more than sixteen (16) inches above the floor. (7-1-97)

p. The seat opening shall be covered with an attached, hinged toilet seat and lid, so constructed and installed that when closed it will limit access of insects, and which can be raised to allow sanitary use as a urinal. (7-1-97)

q. The floor and riser shall be built of impervious material or tongue and grove lumber, and in a manner to deny access to insects. (7-1-97)

r. Where electricity is available, lighting shall be provided with an intensity of not less than ten (10) foot candles thirty (30) inches above the floor. (7-1-97)

s. A conveniently located receptacle or dispenser containing an adequate supply of toilet paper shall be provided for each seat in each privy building. (7-1-97)

11. Chemical Toilet Specifications: (7-1-97)

a. Chemical toilets constructed in conformity with this section may be used in place of privies or where a privy is not permitted due to possible contamination of ground and surface water. (7-1-97)

b. Rooms, buildings, or shelters housing chemical toilets shall be of sound construction and easy to clean, and shall provide shelter and privacy. The toilet rooms shall be ventilated to the outside and adequately lighted. All openings shall be covered with sixteen (16) mesh screen of durable material. (7-1-97)

c. Caustic receptacles shall be durable and corrosion proof, and provide a minimum capacity of one-hundred (100) gallons per seat. (7-1-97)

d. The caustic receptacle charge per seat shall be a minimum of twenty-five (25) pounds of caustic dissolved in ten (10) gallons of water. (7-1-97)

e. The chemical shall be drained and receptacle recharged every six (6) months of continuous use, or at the beginning of each season of operation when in intermittent use, or when three-fourths (3/4) full whichever occurs first. (7-1-97)

f. Each location in the building shall be provided with a conveniently located agitator. (7-1-97)

g. The receptacle shall be vented by a flue or vent pipe having not less than seven (7) square inches cross sectional area and extending a minimum of twelve (12) inches above the roof, so as to provide a continuous escape of odors. (7-1-97)

h. The receptacle shall be equipped with an access hole external to the toilet building, room, or shelter for cleaning and caustic removal purposes. The access hole shall be covered so as to prevent the escape of gases and odors. (7-1-97)

i. A conveniently located receptacle or dispenser containing an adequate supply of toilet paper shall be provided for each seat in each chemical toilet building. (7-1-97)

12. Recirculating Toilet Specifications: (7-1-97)

a. Recirculating toilets constructed in conformity with this section may be used in place of privies or chemical toilets. (7-1-97)

b. Rooms, buildings, or shelters housing recirculating toilets shall be of sound construction and easy to clean, and shall provide shelter and privacy. The toilet rooms shall be vented to the outside and be adequately lighted. All openings shall be covered with sixteen (16) mesh screen of durable material. (7-1-97)

c. All materials, bowl, and fittings shall be corrosion resistant. (7-1-97)

d. Waste passages shall have smooth surfaces and be free of obstructions, recesses, or chambers that would permit fouling. (7-1-97)

e. Flushing shall be accomplished by a single control so arranged as to be operated without special knowledge or effort. (7-1-97)

f. Recirculating toilets shall conform to "Self Contained, Electrically Operated Recirculating, Chemically Controlled Toilet," International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Trailer Standard TSC 12. (7-1-97)

g. The unit shall be maintained and cleaned, the water, filter, and chemicals shall be replaced in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer. (7-1-97)

h. A conveniently located receptacle or dispenser containing an adequate supply of toilet paper shall be provided for each seat in each recirculating toilet building. (7-1-97)

13. Combustion Toilet Specifications: (7-1-97)

a. Combustion toilets constructed in conformity with this section may be used in place of privies, chemical toilets, or recirculating toilets. (7-1-97)

b. Rooms, buildings, or shelters housing combustion toilets shall be of sound construction and easy to clean, and shall provide shelter and privacy. The toilet rooms shall be ventilated to the outside and adequately lighted. All openings shall be covered with sixteen (16) mesh screen of durable material. (7-1-97)

c. All external surfaces, including bowl and hopper, shall be easy to clean. (7-1-97)

d. The residue must be sterile and inert. (7-1-97)

e. The flue effluents shall be free of bacteria. (7-1-97)

f. The combustion system and all fuel and electrical parts shall be safe and in compliance with the "National Electrical Code" and the "American National Standards Institute Standard C 1." (7-1-97)

g. A conveniently located receptacle or dispenser containing an adequate supply of toilet paper shall be provided for each seat in each combustion toilet building. (7-1-97)

14. Portable Toilet Specifications: (7-1-97)

a. Portable toilets constructed in conformity with this section may be used for temporary or mobile installations. (7-1-97)

b. Portable toilets may be chemical, recirculating, or combustion toilets designed for installation in or as an integral part of a skid or wheel mounted portable privy building, or in a separate toilet room, or as a portable privy designed for installation over a manhole of a sanitary or a combined wastewater sewer system. No portable toilet shall discharge into a storm sewer. (7-1-97)

c. A portable toilet may comprise of the seat and its treatment unit to be installed in a structure, or it may comprise of an entire prefabricated, skid or wheel mounted, or otherwise portable structure containing a seat or treatment units with a seat. (7-1-97)

d. No pit, tank, or other subsurface structure shall be constructed as part of a portable toilet. (7-1-97)

e. Portable privies shall be installed over a pit conforming to the requirements for pits in sub-section 080.10.e of this standard above or a manhole that is part of a sanitary or combined wastewater system. (7-1-97)

f. A portable toilet building shall be rigidly constructed, ventilated by a sixteen (16) mesh screen of durable material-covered opening or a vent having an area of at least one (1) square foot per seat, and equipped with a floor, riser, and seat meeting the requirements of sub-section 080.10, or an equivalent individual stool and seat in prefabricated metal, fiber glass, plastic, or ceramic material. (7-1-97)

g. The structure shall provide privacy and protection from the elements. (7-1-97)

h. An air tight seal shall be provided between the structure base and any pit, receptacle, or manhole over which it is placed. (7-1-97)

i. The pit, receptacle, manhole, and seat area shall be vented by a flue or vent pipe having not less than seven (7) square inches cross sectional area extending twelve (12) inches above the roof, so as to provide a continuous escape of odors. (7-1-97)

j. The portable toilet shall be provided with facilities, requisite to its construction, for the removal of chemicals, ash, or residue. All surfaces subject to soiling shall be readily accessible and easily cleaned. (7-1-97)

k. A conveniently located receptacle or dispenser containing an adequate supply of toilet paper shall be provided for each seat in each combustion toilet building. (7-1-97)

15. Seepage Pit Construction Specifications: (7-1-97)

a. Seepage pits constructed in conformity with this section may be used for the disposal of wastewater from culinary activity, temporary bathing facilities, and clothes washing facilities where there are no available wastewater carriage systems and where their use will not contaminate ground or surface water because of seepage pit location, type of soil, or ground water table. (7-1-97)

b. A seepage pit shall be separated by a minimum distance of 100 feet between the pit and a well, spring, or other source of water supply for drinking, bathing, laundry, or culinary purposes. (7-1-97)

c. At no time shall the bottom of a seepage pit extended into ground water nor shall it be constructed within one-hundred (100) feet of the shoreline of any open body of water or stream. Phreatic water such, as may be found in surface soil at depths of ten (10) feet or less, shall not be interpreted as ground water unless there is evidence of a positive directional flow. (7-1-97)

d. The seepage pit shall be so located and constructed that no surface water may enter the pit either as runoff or as flood water. (7-1-97)

e. The seepage pit shall be constructed of such material and in such a manner as to prevent rapid deterioration, provided adequate capacity, and facilitate maintenance in a satisfactory manner under ordinary conditions of usage. (7-1-97)

f. Seepage pit cribbing shall fit firmly and be in uniform contact with the earth walls on all sides, and shall rise at least 6 inches above the original ground line and descend to the full depth of the pit. However, pit cribbing below the soil line may be omitted in rock formations. (7-1-97)

g. The seepage pit may be filled with stone or rubble of not less than a nominal one (1) inch diameter. (7-1-97)

h. Seepage pits shall be of such dimensions as to provide at least ten (10) square feet per person served by the facility, or such greater area as may be required by the health agency having jurisdiction. (7-1-97)

i. Temporary piping connections from sinks or shower platforms shall comply with the provisions of the Uniform Plumbing Code. (7-1-97)

j. The platform covering the seepage pit shall be built of impervious materials and in such a manner to exclude insects. (7-1-97)

k. The seepage pit platform shall be provided with an opening at least one (1) foot in each dimension and have a rim at least one (1) inch above the floor to prevent precipitation from accumulating on the platform floor. (7-1-97)

l. The seepage pit platform opening shall be covered with a self closing lid, so constructed that it can be easily opened by foot or hand, and so installed that when closed it will exclude insects and fit closely over the raised rim of the opening. (7-1-97)

16. Washing Facilities. (7-1-97)

a. Facilities for maintaining personal cleanliness shall be provided in every place of employment pursuant to the provisions of this section. These shall be convenient for the employees for whom they are provided and shall be maintained in a sanitary condition. (7-1-97)

b. Lavatories shall be made available in all places of employment in accordance with the requirements for lavatories as set forth in Table 080.16-A. In a multiple-use lavatory, twenty-four (24) lineal inches of wash sink or twenty (20) inches of a circular basin, when provided with water outlets for each space, shall be considered equivalent to one lavatory. The requirements of this subsection do not apply to mobile crews or to normally unattended work locations if employees working at these locations have transportation readily available to nearby washing facilities which meet the other requirements of this section. (7-1-97)

TABLE 080.16-A
Type of employment	Number of employees	Minimum number of lavatories
Nonindustrial: office buildings public buildings and similar establishments	1 to 15 16 to 35 36 to 60 61 to 90 91 to 125 Over 125	1 2 3 4 5 1 additional fixture for each additional 45 employees.
Industrial: factories warehouses, loft buildings and similar establishments	1 to 100   Over 125	1 fixture for each 10 employees. 1 fixture for each additional 15 employees.

(7-1-97)

c. Each lavatory shall be provided with hot and cold running water, or tepid running water. (7-1-97)

d. Hand soap or similar cleansing agents shall be provided in the lavatory area. (7-1-97)

e. Individual hand towels or sections thereof, of cloth or paper, warm air blowers, or clean individual sections of continuous cloth toweling, convenient to the lavatories, shall be provided in the lavatory area. (7-1-97)

f. Receptacles shall be provided for disposal of used towels in the lavatory area. (7-1-97)

g. Warm air blowers, in the lavatory area, shall provide air at not less than nighty (90) degrees Fahrenheit and shall have means to automatically prevent the discharge of air exceeding one-hundred-forty (140) degrees Fahrenheit. (7-1-97)

h. Electrical components of lavatory warm air blowers shall meet the requirements of the National Electrical Code. (7-1-97)

i. Mobile crews and normally unattended work locations, where water or near-by washing facilities are not available, may utilize non-water antibacterial cleaning materials or cleansing agents. (7-1-97)

j. When provided, lavatories for the physically challenged shall comply with Figure 080.16-A. lavatory fixtures, vanities, and built in lavatories shall be mounted with the rim or counter surface no higher than thirty-four (34) inches above the finish floor and shall provide a clearance of at least twenty-nine (29) inches above the finish floor to the bottom of the apron. A clear floor space of thirty (30) inches by forty-eight (48) inches and complying with Figure 080.16-A shall be provided in front of a lavatory to allow forward approach. Such clear floor space shall adjoin or overlap an accessible route and shall extend a maximum of nineteen (19) inches underneath the lavatory. Exposed hot water and drain pipes under lavatories shall be insulated or otherwise configured to protect against contact. There shall be no sharp or abrasive surfaces under lavatories. Faucets and other controls shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate controls shall be no greater than five (5) foot pounds. (7-1-97)

FIGURE 080.16-A

17. Showers: (7-1-97)

a. Whenever showers are required by a particular section of this standard, by another code, regulation, or standard, the showers provided shall be in accordance with this section. (7-1-97)

b. One shower shall be provided for each ten (10) employees of each sex or numerical fraction thereof, who are required to shower during the same shift. (7-1-97)

c. Body soap or other appropriate cleansing agents convenient to the showers shall be provided. (7-1-97)

d. Showers shall be provided with hot and cold water feeding a common discharge line. (7-1-97)

e. Employees who use showers shall be provided with individual clean towels. (7-1-97)

f. When provided, showers for the physically challenged shall comply with Figures 080.17-A. and 080.17-B. The shower stall size and clear floor space shall be a minimum of thirty-six (36) inches by thirty-six (36) inches. Sleeping rooms and suits alternatively may be provided with a shower stall that will fit into the space required for a bathtub. A seat shall be provided in thirty-six (36) inch by thirty-six (36) inch shower stalls and shall be as shown in Figure 080.17-A. The seat shall be mounted seventeen (17) inches to nineteen (19) inches from the finish shower stall floor and shall be extended the full depth of the stall. In a thirty-six (36) inch by thirty-six (36) inch shower stall, the seat shall be on the wall opposite the controls. Where a fixed seat is provided in a thirty (30) inch by sixty (60) inch minimum shower stall, it shall be a folding type and shall be mounted on the wall adjacent to the controls as in Figure 080.17-A. The structural strength of seats and their attachments shall withstand a maximum bending moment of two-hundred-fifty (250) foot pounds, a shear stress two-hundred-fifty (250) foot pounds and withstand a shear force of two-hundred-fifty (250) foot pounds. Grab bars complying with sub-section 080.08 of this section and Figure 080.08-F shall be provided and located as in Figure 080.17-B. Faucets and other controls shall be as in Figure 080.17-B and shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate controls shall be no greater than five (5) foot pounds. A shower spray unit with a hose at least sixty (60) inches long that can be used as a fixed shower head and as a hand held shower shall be provided. EXCEPTION: In unmonitored facilities where vandalism is a consideration, a fixed shower head mounted forty-eight (48) inches above the finished shower floor may be used in lieu of a hand held shower head. If provided, curbs in shower stalls thirty-six (36) inches by thirty-six (36) inches shall be no higher than one-half (1/2) inch. Shower stalls that are thirty (30) inches by sixty (60) inches shall not have curbs. If provided, enclosures for shower stalls shall not obstruct controls or obstruct transfer from wheelchairs onto shower seats. (7-1-97)

FIGURE 080.17-A

FIGURE 080.17-B

Grab Bars at Shower Stalls

18. Bathtubs: (7-1-97)

a. When provided, bathtubs for the physically challenged shall comply with Figures 080.18-A and 080.18-B. Clear floor space in front of bathtubs shall be as shown in Figure 080.18-A. An in tub seat or a seat at the head end of the tub shall be provided as shown in Figures 080.18-A and 080.18-B. The structural strength of seats and their attachments shall withstand a maximum bending moment of two-hundred-fifty (250) foot pounds, a shear stress two-hundred-fifty (250) foot pounds and withstand a shear force of two-hundred-fifty (250) foot pounds. Grab bars complying with sub-section 080.08. and Figure 080.08-F shall be provided and located as in Figure 080.18-B. Faucets and other controls shall be as in Figure 080.18-B and shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate controls shall be no greater than five (5) foot pounds. A shower spray unit with a hose at least sixty (60) inches long that can be used as a fixed shower head and as a hand held shower shall be provided. If provided bathtub enclosures shall not obstruct controls or transfer from wheelchairs onto bathtub seats or into tubs. Enclosures on bathtubs shall not have tracks mounted on their rims. (7-1-97)

FIGURE 080.18-A

Clear Floor Space at Bathtubs

FIGURE 080.18-B

Grab Bars at Bathtubs

19. Change Rooms: (7-1-97)

a. Whenever employees are required by this or other standards to wear protective clothing because of the possibility of contamination with toxic biological and non-biological materials, change rooms equipped with storage facilities for street clothes and separate storage facilities for the protective clothing shall be provided. (7-1-97)

b. Where working clothes are provided by the employer and become wet or are washed between shifts, provisions shall be made to insure that such clothing is dry before reuse. (7-1-97)

20. Consumption of Food and Beverages on the Premises: (7-1-97)

a. No employee shall be allowed to prepare or consume food or beverages in a toilet room nor in any area exposed to a toxic material. (7-1-97)

b. In every establishment where there is exposure to injurious dusts or other toxic materials, a separate lunch room shall be maintained unless it is convenient for the employees to lunch away from the premises. (7-1-97)

c. Receptacles, constructed of smooth, corrosion resistant, easily cleanable, or disposable materials, shall be provided and used for the disposal of waste food. The number, size and location of such receptacles shall encourage their use and not result in overfilling. They shall be emptied not less frequently than once each working day, unless unused, and shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition. Receptacles shall be provided with a solid tight fitting cover unless sanitary conditions can be maintained without use of a cover. (7-1-97)

d. No food or beverages shall be stored in toilet rooms or in an area exposed to a toxic material. Food and beverages and non-food items shall not be stored in the same refrigerators or freezers. (7-1-97)

e. All employee food service facilities and operations shall be carried out in accordance with regulations and Standards for Food Service Establishments. In all places of employment where all or part of the food service is provided, the food dispensed shall be wholesome, free from spoilage, and shall be processed, prepared, handled, and stored in such a manner as to be protected against contamination. (7-1-97)

21. Waste Disposal: (7-1-97)

a. Any receptacle used for putrescible solid or liquid waste or refuse shall be so constructed that it does not leak and shall be thoroughly cleaned and maintained in a sanitary condition. Such a receptacle shall be equipped with a solid tight-fitting cover, unless it can be maintained in a sanitary condition without a cover. This requirement does not prohibit the use of receptacles which are designed to permit the maintenance of a sanitary condition without regard to the aforementioned requirements. (7-1-97)

b. All sweepings, solid or liquid wastes, refuse, and garbage shall be removed in such a manner as to avoid creating a menace to health and as often as necessary or appropriate to maintain the place of employment in a sanitary condition. (7-1-97)

22. Vermin Control: (7-1-97)

a. Every facility, building, or structure shall be so constructed, equipped and maintained so as to restrict the entrance or harborage of rodents, insects and other vermin. A continuing and effective extermination program shall be instituted where their presence is detected. (7-1-97)

23. Ventilation. (7-1-97)

a. Ventilation shall be adequately provided for in all building and structures customarily used by human beings. Either natural ventilation or mechanically operated ventilating systems shall be utilized. In areas where toxic and noxious and/or objectionable fumes are present, ventilation shall be to the outside of the building. (7-1-97)

b. In the control of those occupational diseases caused by breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays or vapors, the primary objective shall be to prevent atmospheric contamination. This shall be accomplished as far as feasible by accepted engineering control measures (such as, enclosure or confinement of the operation, general and local ventilation, and substitution of less toxic material). (7-1-97)

c. Acceptable Indoor Air Quality is a function of many parameters including outdoor air quality, the design of the enclosed spaces, the design of the ventilation system, the way this system is operated and maintained, and the presence of sources of contaminants and the strength of such sources. For specific contaminants and requirements refer to Table 080.23-A. (7-1-97)

TABLE 080.23-A
ACCEPTABLE LEVELS FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Temperature	73 - 79 degrees Fahrenheit	*1
Humidity	20 - 60 percent
Oxygen	19.6 - 21 percent	*2
Carbon Monoxide	35 ppm per hour	*3
		9 ppm per hour*4
Carbon Dioxide	1000 ppm	*5
Formaldehyde	.5 ppm per hour	*3
Particulates	10 ug/cu m per hour	*3
Ozone	.1 ppm per hour	*3
Sulfur Dioxide	2 ppm per hour	*3
Combustible Gases	20 percent of lower explosive limit
NOTES:
*1 Operative temperatures for 80% thermal acceptability.
*2 Levels of 19.5% or less require the use of air-line or self-contained respirators. Levels above 21% increase the chance of fire or explosion.
*3 Based on an 8 hour time weighted exposure.
*4 Based on a 24 hour continuous exposure.
*5 Carbon dioxide concentration is used as an indicator of indoor air quality. Concentrations of over 1000 ppm indicate inadequate ventilation and poor indoor air quality.

(7-1-97)

d. Ventilation systems shall be designed and installed so that the ventilation air is supplied through the occupied areas. (7-1-97)

e. When the supply of air is reduced during times the area is occupied provisions shall be made to maintain acceptable indoor air quality throughout the occupied area. (7-1-97)

f. Ventilating systems shall be designed and maintained to prevent reentry of exhaust contaminants, condensation or freeze-ups, and growth of microorganisms. (7-1-97)

g. Makeup air outlets shall be located to avoid contamination of the makeup air. Contaminants from sources such as cooling towers, sanitary vents, vehicular exhaust from parking garages, loading docks, and street traffic shall be avoided. (7-1-97)

h. Where soils contain concentrations of Radon, ventilation of crawlspaces, basements, or underground duct-work shall be accomplished. (7-1-97)

i. Indoor air shall not contain contaminants that exceed concentrations known to impair health or cause discomfort to the occupants. Such contaminants include various gases, vapors, microorganisms, smoke, and other particulate matter. For specific levels refer to Table 080.23-A and 29 CFR 1910 Tables Z-1-A, Z-2, and Z-3. (7-1-97)

j. For proper ventilation in specific occupancies, refer to Table 080.23-B. (7-1-97)

TABLE 080.23-B
OUTSIDE AIR REQUIREMENTS FOR VENTILATION
Application		Estimated Maximum Occupancy per 1000 sf	Outside Air Requirements
			cfm/person	cfm/sf
Laundry		10	25
Laundry Storage		30	35
Coin Operated Laundry		20	15
Dining Rooms		70	20	*1
Cafeteria, Fast Food		100	20	*1
Kitchens		20	15	*2
Garages, Repair Shops, Service Stations, Parking Garages				1.5 *3
Bedrooms				30 *4
Living Rooms				30 *4
Baths				35 *5
Lobbies		30	15
Conference Rooms		50	20
Assembly Rooms		120	15
Dormitory Sleeping Areas		20	15
Office Areas		7	20	*6
Reception Areas		60	15
Telecommunication Centers, Data Entry Areas		60	20	*6
Corridors, Utilities Public Restrooms Locker/Dressing Rooms		50		.5
				*7 *8
				5 *8
Smoking Lounge		70	60	*8
Elevators				1 *9
Retail Stores
	Street Level	30		.3
	Basement	30		.3
	Upper Floors	20		.2
	Storage Rooms	15		.15
Shipping & Receiving		10		.15 *3
Warehouses		5		.15 *3
Sports/Amusement Spectator Area		150	15
Game Rooms		70	25
Swimming Pools				.5 *10
Gymnasium Playing Area		30	20
Ballrooms/Discos		100	25	*1
Bowling Alley Seating Area		70	25	*1
Theater Auditorium		150	15	*11
Theater Lobbies		150	20
Ticket Booths		60	20
Stages		70	15	*11
Studios		70	15
Workrooms		10	15	*12
Photo/TV Studios		10	15
Darkrooms		10		.5 *8
Pharmacy		20	15
Vaults		5	15
Printing/Duplicating Areas				.5 *12
Classrooms		50	15
Laboratories		30	20	*13
Training Shops		30	20	*12
Music Rooms		50	15
Libraries		20	15
Patient Rooms		10	25
Medical Procedure Rooms		20	15
Operating Rooms		20	30
Recovery/ICU		20	15
Autopsy Rooms				.5 *14
Physical Therapy		20	15
Jail/Prison Cells		20	20
Correctional Dining Halls		100	15
Guard Stations		40	15
NOTES:
*1 Supplementary smoke removal equipment is required.
*2 Makeup air for hood exhaust may require more ventilating air.
*3 Running engines must incorporate systems for positive engine exhaust withdrawal. Contaminant sensors may be used to control ventilation.
*4 Independent of room size.
*5 Installed capacity for intermittent use.
*6 Equipment may require local exhaust.
*7 Cubic feet per minute for each water closet or urinal.
*8 Mechanical exhaust with no recirculation.
*9 Normally supplied by transfer air. For additional requirements see ANSI A-17.1 Safety Code For Elevators And Escalators.
*10 Higher values may be required for humidity control.
*11 Special ventilation will be needed to eliminate special stage effects.
*12 Installed equipment must incorporate positive exhaust and control of undesirable contaminants.
*13 Special contaminant control systems are required for processes or functions including laboratory animal occupancy.
*14 Air shall not be recirculated into other spaces.

(7-1-97)

k. Ventilation shall be required to remove carbon-monoxide fumes from any area within a building in which motor vehicles are being operated under their own power. Carbon-monoxide levels within a building or area thereof shall not exceed the TLV in Table 200.05-A of this Code. (7-1-97)

24. Lighting and Illumination: (7-1-97)

a. Windows, skylights and light reflectors shall be maintained in reasonably clean condition, and work places shall be illuminated in accordance with the nature of the operation. See Tables 080.24-A and 080.24-B. (7-1-97)